International journal of crisis & safety

Purpose: This study is a descriptive research study intended to investigate the effect of the nursing students' knowledge and educational experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on their confidence. Method: The subjects of this study were 183 nursing students attending University V located in City J of Province J, and the study period ran from November 18 to November 29, 2019. As for the research tool, the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation related knowledge and confidence were used. As for the data analysis, confidence according to the cardiopulmonary resuscitation related knowledge and educational experience of the nursing students was analyzed using the t-test, and knowledge was analyzed using the chi-square test. The relationship be-tween knowledge and educational experience and confidence of the nursing students was analyzed with the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The cardiopulmonary resuscitation related knowledge score was 9.6 points for 1st and 2nd years and 13.2 for 3rd and 4th years out of a total of 17 points, where the cardiopulmonary resuscitation related knowledge was measured higher among the 3rd and 4th years. The confidence in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation of 3rd and 4th years with the experience in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice and clinical practice was 6.72 points, which was higher than 3.84 points for the 1st and 2nd years, and there was a statistically significant difference(p<0.05). Conclusion: Hence, in order to facilitate the cardiopulmonary resuscitation education, the educational support should be provided to develop an educational program that includes knowledge and build confidence in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Purpose: The cabin crew's in-flight work consists of safety and security-related tasks and requires specialized knowledge. With the popularization of air travel, the importance of safety-related work for cabin crew is becoming more and more important. Therefore, it is time to consider the work of cabin crew from a safety-oriented point of view and study to clarify the duties of cabin crew. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cabin crew knowledge pursuance on work self-efficacy and safety orientation, and the effect of cabin crew job regulation on work self-efficacy and safety orientation. The mediating effect of work self-efficacy is also verified. Method: The questionnaire, targeting Korean staff working as flight attendant in domestic and overseas airline companies, has been carried out for this study, and on-line questionnaire has been processed as to maximize their participation. In this study, the hypothesis was verified through a structural equation model using 22 observational variables and 4 latent variables whose reliability and validity were confirmed through the evaluation of the measurement. Results: First, both knowledge pursuance and job regulation have a significant effect on the work self-efficacy of airline cabin crew. Second, knowledge pursuance had a significant effect on safety orientation, but job regulation had no significant effect on safety orientation. Third, work self-efficacy has a significant effect on safety orientation. Fourth, work self-efficacy is partially mediated in the relationship between knowledge pursuance and safety-orientation of airline cabin crew. Fifth, work self-efficacy is completely mediated in the relationship between job regulation and safety orientation of airline cabin crew, and the mediating effect is statistically significant. Conclusion: Cabin crew's efforts to continuously acquire and maintain professional knowledge on the overall safety of aircraft and safety for each aircraft type are important factors that enable the professionalism of the cabin crew. Safety knowledge and safety motivation play an important role as antecedent variables for carrying out safety behaviors consisting of safety compliance and safety participation. Proposals for various programs that allow indirect experience of safety-related situations include in-house safety seminars, easy-to-use VR-based safety accident and incident case, and constructive individual feedback. This training method will provide an opportunity for cabin crew to gain confidence in their ability to respond well to a variety of safety-related accidents and accidents based on their aviation-related safety knowledge.

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the main content of discussions on the relationship between the size of government spending and economic growth. Furthermore, the secondary purpose of this study is to analyze the main discussion content of the papers that studied the relationship between different items of government expenditure and economic growth. In this way, this study can contribute to exploring the research flow and direction between government spending and economic growth. Method: This study systematically collected and investigated quantitative and qualitative studies that analyzed the relationship between the size of government spending and economic growth and the relationship between government spending items and economic growth. In addition, policy reports and related data on economic data and impact analysis between government spending and economic growth were additionally utilized in addition to the analysis of previous studies. Results: Most of the research so far has focused on the relationship between the size of government spending and economic growth. In other words, it was confirmed that there were not many studies that recognized the differences between government expenditure items and analyzed the different quantitative relationships between different expenditure items and economic growth. Conclusion: In future research, it is necessary to analyze the different impact relationships between government spending items and economic growth, and follow-up studies that can suggest more specific and practical policy implications according to the results. It is also needed to analyze the quantitative relationship between different expenditure items and economic growth at the local government level and to draw implications for the different influence relationships between government spending and economic growth at different levels of government.

Purpose: This is a single group related ex ante and ex post design study intended to examine and understand the effect of caffeine education on the cognitive improvement of college students. Method: From November 1, 2019 to November 29, 2019, a preliminary questionnaire survey was conducted with 103 junior year students from 2 health related departments at a university located in J city, Jeollabuk-do, once a week for 3 weeks, after which a total of 3 education sessions were conducted. The collected data were analyzed by using the frequency analysis and the paired sample t-test using the SPSS Win 18.0 program. Results: The mean for intake before education was 1.47±.40, and the mean for intake after education was 1.77± .47. The preeducational knowledge was 0.58± .23 and the post-educational knowledge was 0.89± .10. When the intake and knowledge levels were compared with those before the education, the mean score increased after the education. Through which, it is evident that the level of caffeine knowledge increased after the education. Conclusion: The caffeine education program reduced the frequency of the caffeine intake, and after the education, the rate of correct response for knowledge questions increased, thereby confirming the fact that the caffeine knowledge level was improved. Furthermore, after checking the caffeine content in the recognition and behavior, it was confirmed that there was an improvement in the positive direction of selecting beverages and selecting alternative foods. However, in order to generalize university students and expand and interpret the effects of the education, it is considered that a wide range of subjects and long-term education will be needed.

Purpose: By analyzing 1,441 flora survey data of the 3rd to 5th data of the National Natural Environment Survey, the differences by region and altitude were analyzed in the species number of vascular plants and naturalized plants distributed throughout Korea, and the naturalization index. This study aimed to reveal the correlation by altitude in the species number of vascular plants, the species number of naturalized plants, and the naturalization index. Method: This study utilized the flora survey data for 14 years from 2006 to 2019 in the 3rd to 5th National Natural Environment Survey. One-way ANOVA analysis was performed by region and altitude to examine the differences in the species number of vascular plants, the species number of naturalized plants, and the naturalization index. Researchers performed curvilinear estimation regression analysis to find the correlation, and SPSS Statistics 21 statistical program was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were differences by region and altitude in the species number of vascular plants, the species number of naturalized plants, and the naturalization index. The species number of vascular plants had a positive correlation with an increase in the number of species as the altitude increased. The species number of naturalized plants had a negative correlation with a decrease in the number of species as the altitude increased. The naturalization index had a negative correlation that decreased up to a certain altitude, increased after that point, and then decreased again. Conclusion: As for vascular plants, the higher the altitude, the greater the species number of vascular plants, and the lower the altitude, the fewer vascular plant species. Conversely, as for naturalized plants, the lower the altitude, the greater the species number of naturalized plants, and the higher the altitude, the fewer naturalized plant species. In addition, as for the naturalization index, the lower the altitude, the higher the naturalization index, and the higher the altitude, the lower the naturalization index. This study is expected to be utilized as basic data for managing naturalized plants.